What is an enlarged prostate? Why should you check?

Benign prostatic hyperplasia, medically known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), is a common urological condition in middle-aged and elderly men. As we age, the prostate tissue gradually grows, compressing the urethra and causing symptoms such as difficulty urinating. According to the Hong Kong Health Bureau, about 50% of men over 50 years of age experience symptoms of an enlarged prostate, and the prevalence in men over 80 years of age is as high as 90%.前列腺檢查

An enlarged prostate is not directly life-threatening, but it can seriously affect your quality of life. Without long-term treatment, it can lead to bladder dysfunction, urinary tract infections, and even kidney failure. Therefore, it is important to do it early not only to diagnose symptoms, but also to rule out serious diseases such as prostate cancer.

Common tests include digital anal examination, PSA test, and urine flow test, which can help doctors comprehensively assess prostate health and develop optimal treatment plans.

Common symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia

The symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia are mainly related to urinary dysfunction and can be divided into two categories: urinary retention symptoms and urinary symptoms.

• Symptoms of urinary retention: Including frequent urination (urinating more than 8 times during the day), nocturia (waking up at night to urinate more than 2 times), and urgency to urinate (sudden strong urge to urinate). These symptoms can have a serious impact on sleep quality and daily life.
• Symptoms of the urinary phase: Manifested as difficulty urinating, low and weak urine flow, interrupted urination, need to exert effort to urinate, etc. In severe cases, urinary retention may occur, which makes urination completely impossible.
• Symptoms after urination: Dirty urine, dripping urine after urination, etc., can cause complications such as bladder stones and hematuria if not treated for a long time.

It is important to note that the severity of BPH symptoms is not always proportional to the size of the prostate. Some patients have a significantly enlarged prostate and mild symptoms, while others have a slightly enlarged prostate and severe symptoms. Therefore, symptom assessment combined with professional diagnosis can be accurately diagnosed.

How to diagnose BPH

The diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia requires a combination of different test methods, and the most common diagnostic process is:

Medical history and physical examination

The doctor will ask the patient in detail about the patient's urination status, duration of symptoms, medication history, etc. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) is a commonly used assessment tool that quantifies symptom severity through seven questions.

Digital anal examination

The doctor wears gloves, applies lubricant, and inserts a finger into the rectum to touch the size, shape, and texture of the prostate. This test allows you to determine in advance whether the prostate is enlarged or if there is a hard lump. The procedure may be a little uncomfortable, but it usually does not cause severe pain.

Regular urine tests

By testing the urine for leukocytes, red blood cells, proteins and other indicators, urinary tract infections, hematuria and other diseases that can cause similar symptoms are ruled out.

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test

PSA is a protein secreted by prostate cells, and normal values are usually less than 4 ng / ml. Both benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer can lead to an increase in PSA and should be determined in conjunction with other test results.

Urine flow test

Urine flow test is an important test for assessing urinary function. The patient should use special instruments to measure parameters such as maximum urine flow, average urine flow and voiding time. The normal maximum urinary flow rate is greater than 15 ml/s, and less than 10 ml/s indicates possible obstruction.

Residual urine volume measurement

The amount of urine remaining in the bladder after urinating is measured by ultrasound or catheterization. Residual urine volume greater than 100 ml indicates impaired bladder emptying.

imaging

Urine ultrasound measures the volume of the prostate and assesses the condition of the kidneys and bladder. Especially if prostate cancer is suspected, CT or MRI can be done if necessary.

Significance and precautions for each test

Understanding the clinical implications and precautions of each can help patients cooperate with the diagnosis.

What does a high PSA test indicate?

Possible causes of elevated PSA include an enlarged prostate, prostatitis, and prostate cancer. The Hong Kong Urological Association recommends that if your PSA is between 4 and 10 ng/ml, further testing is required. Above 10 ng/ml significantly increases the risk of prostate cancer. Cycling, sex, and finger-anal tests should be avoided 48 hours before the test, as they can cause a temporary rise in PSA.

Is a digital anal exam painful?

Most people experience only mild discomfort rather than severe pain. Relaxing your anal muscles before the exam can help reduce discomfort. Patients with hemorrhoids or anal fissures should inform their doctor in advance.

How is a urine flow test performed?

Drink about 500 ml of water 1 hour before the urine flow test to maintain proper urine craving. During the examination, you can urinate naturally in front of a special instrument in a private space. To get accurate results, try to urinate and relax as usual during the test.

Treatment options for benign prostatic hyperplasia

Treatment for BPH should be based on factors such as symptom severity, prostate size, and the patient's age.

Drug therapy

• α receptor blockers: for example, tamsulosin which can relax the muscles of the prostate and bladder neck and quickly improve urinary symptoms. Common side effects include dizziness and orthostatic hypotension.
• 5α reductase inhibitors: For example, finasteride can reduce the size of the prostate, but it must be taken for 3 to 6 months to be effective. Prolonged use can reduce PSA levels, which can affect prostate cancer screening.

Surgical treatment

• Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP): Gold standard surgery for moderate to severe patients. The device is inserted through the urethra and removes some of the prostate tissue to improve urine flow.
• Laser surgeryFor example, green laser vaporization, less bleeding, faster recovery, suitable for the elderly and patients taking anticoagulants.

Other treatments

• Microwave hyperthermia: It destroys part of the prostate tissue with heat energy, so there is less trauma, but the long-term effect is not as good as surgery.
• High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU): Precise resection of prostate tissue and preservation of surrounding structures have emerged as minimally invasive treatments.

How to prevent an enlarged prostate?

Although an enlarged prostate is strongly associated with aging, the following measures may help slow the onset of the disease or reduce symptoms:

• Healthy Eating: Eat plenty of tomatoes (including lycopene), cruciferous vegetables, and omega-3-rich fish. Limit your intake of red meat and high-fat dairy products.
• Discipline Exercises: At least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week, such as brisk walking or swimming, can help maintain prostate health.
• Maintain ideal weight: Obesity increases the risk of prostate enlargement and BMI must be controlled between 18.5 and 23.
• Try not to hold urine: Holding urine for a long time can impair bladder function and worsen prostate symptoms.
• Periodic health checkupsMen over 50 should have annual examinations, such as a digital anal examination and PSA test. People with a family history should start screening as early as age 45.

Early detection, early treatment, and improved quality of life

An enlarged prostate is a common problem that affects the quality of life of middle-aged and older men. By understanding the typical symptoms and being proactive in prostate testing (e.g., urine flow test, PSA test), you can detect problems early and receive appropriate treatment. Modern treatments range from medications to minimally invasive surgeries, which can effectively improve symptoms. It is important not to delay treatment due to shyness or misunderstandings, communicate well with the urologist and choose the best diagnosis and treatment plan.

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Why do I need regular examinations of the andrology department of urology?

Men's health problems, especially urological conditions such as prostatitis, sexual dysfunction, and urinary tract infections, are often overlooked. Regular urological andrology check-ups not only detect the underlying disease early, but also avoid the risk of delaying treatment. Prevention is better than cure, and this is the consensus of the medical community. Urological diseases often have no noticeable symptoms in the early stages and become more severe by the time symptoms appear. For example, prostate cancer has few symptoms in the early stages, but it can be detected early with regular tests such as PSA blood tests, increasing the cure rate.

Although the prevalence in Hong Kong is increasing year by year, many men are still worriedUrology pricesOr feel embarrassed by the exam process. In fact, it is not complicated and the fees are transparent. Taking Hong Kong's public hospital as an example, the basicUrological examinationThe cost is around HK$500-1500, but private hospitals may charge more. In any case, health is precious, and regular check-ups are a sign of responsibility to yourself.

General urology andrology examination items and costs

Routine Urine Tests: Cost Range and Importance

Routine urinalysis is one of the most basic tests in urology and is primarily used to detect urinary infections, stones, or kidney function abnormalities. In Hong Kong, the cost of this test is around HK$200 to HK$500. The testing process is simple and only requires a urine sample. By analyzing white blood cells, red blood cells, proteins and other indicators in the urine, the doctor can determine in advance whether there are problems with the urinary system.

Blood tests (PSA, testosterone, etc.): cost and importance

Blood tests are an important part of urological andrology tests, especially PSA (prostate-specific antigen) tests, which are essential for early detection of prostate cancer. The cost of a PSA test in Hong Kong is about HK$400 to HK$800. In addition, testosterone level tests are used to assess male sexual function and hormonal balance, and the cost is about HK$300 to HK$600. These tests not only help diagnose the disease, but also provide the basis for subsequent treatment.

Prostate examination (digital anal examination, ultrasound): cost and diagnostic value

Prostate examinations usually include a finger-anal examination and an ultrasound. A digital anal examination involves a doctor touching the prostate through the rectum to assess its size and texture, and the cost is around HK$300 to HK$500. Ultrasound can provide a more intuitive view of the prostate structure and can cost around HK$800 to HK$1,500. These two tests are very valuable in diagnosing benign prostatic hyperplasia or prostate cancer.

Semen analysis: cost and availability

Semen analysis is primarily used to assess male fertility and check sperm count, motility, and morphology. In Hong Kong, the cost of this exam is around HK$600 to HK$1200. For men who are expecting children or couples with suspected infertility, semen analysis is an essential test.

Sexual function assessment: cost and test content

Sexual function assessment includes consultation, blood tests, and physiological tests and costs around HK$1,000 to HK$2,000. This test is for men with sexual dysfunction such as erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation. A comprehensive assessment allows doctors to develop personalized treatment plans.

Factors Affecting the Cost of Urology Andrology Tests

Hospital or clinic grade: Public and private hospitals

In Hong Kong, public hospitalsUrology pricesIt is relatively low, but the waiting time is long. Private hospitals charge more but offer faster service and a more comfortable environment. For example, the basics of public hospitalsUrological examinationThe cost is around HK$500 to HK$1,500, while private hospitals can cost as much as HK$2,000 to HK$5,000.

Regional Variations: Charging Standards by Region

There are also differences in medical costs depending on the region of Hong Kong. For example, private hospitals on Hong Kong Island typically charge higher fees than in the New Territories. Additionally, some clinics may offer package deals, reducing the overall cost of testing.

Inspection portfolio: single check and full set check

Choosing one or a complete set of checks will also affect the total cost. The full set of tests usually includes the analysis of urine, blood, prostate, and semen, and the cost is around HK$3,000 to HK$6,000. Although expensive, it provides a comprehensive assessment of urinary health.

Medical or commercial insurance: whether it is reimbursable and the reimbursement ratio

Some commercial or health insurance plans are refundableUrological examinationCost. To reduce the financial burden, it is recommended to consult with your insurance company before the test to understand the reimbursement rates and terms.

How to choose the right urological andrology examination plan for you?

Please choose the test items according to your age and physical condition

Men of different ages should be concerned about various urinary health problems. For example, men over 40 should have regular PSA tests, while younger men can focus on assessing sexual function and fertility. Choosing inspection items according to your own condition can not only save costs, but also get the best inspection effect.

Talk to your doctor about the need for testing

in progressUrological examinationBefore that, it is recommended to consult a doctor to understand which test items are needed. Your doctor will recommend an appropriate testing plan based on factors such as symptoms, family history, and age.

Compare the costs of different hospitals and clinics

There are many medical institutions in Hong Kong, and the prices vary. It is recommended to compare several hospitals and clinics before the examinationUrology prices, choose a cost-effective solution. At the same time, you can also pay attention to the promotions and package deals of some medical institutions.

Pay attention to men's health from regular checkups

Men's health cannot be ignored, and regular urological andrology examinations are an important means of preventing diseases. Not so muchUrology pricesNeither the examination process nor the examination process should be a reason to avoid health. Early detection and treatment can effectively avoid the occurrence of serious diseases. We hope this article will help you understand the relevant information about urological examination, clearly see a doctor and protect your health.泌尿科檢查

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